21^st International Conference on Clinical & Experimental Cardiology(10 Plenary Forums - 1 Event) November 06-07, 2017 Las Vegas, USA

Pediatric Cardiology is responsible for the diagnosis of congenital heart defects, performing diagnostic procedures such as echocardiograms, cardiac catheterizations, and for the ongoing management of the sequel of heart disease in infants, children and adolescents. The division is actively involved in research aimed at preventing both congenital and acquired heart disease in children. Finally, the division is committed to educating the next generation of physicians, and offers advanced training in pediatric cardiology.

The division of Cardiovascular Imaging interprets cross sectional imaging studies of the heart and vascular system using Computed Tomography (CT or "CAT" scans) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) with a volume of more than 2,500 studies each year. Both CT and MRI are non-invasive imaging modalities, meaning that no catheterization is required. MUSC operates the most up-to-date, cutting edge imaging equipment to ensure optimal diagnostic quality in patient care while also minimizing patient exposure to ionizing radiation.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. Cardiovascular disease includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack). It's usually associated with a build-up of fatty deposits inside the arteries – known as atherosclerosis – and an increased risk of blood clots. It can also be associated with damage to arteries in organs such as the brain, heart, kidneys and eyes. Cardiovascular disease is a term that refers to more than one disease of the circulatory system including the heart and blood vessels, whether the blood vessels are affecting the lungs, the brain, kidneys or other parts of the body. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in adult Canadian men and women. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death. In 2008, 30% of all global death is attributed to cardiovascular diseases. It is also estimated that by 2030, over 23 million people will die from cardiovascular diseases each year.

Heart failure (HF) sometimes known as congestive heart failure is a common condition that develops after the heart becomes damaged or weakened by diseases of the heart including heart attacks and other medical conditions. Heart failure occurs when the pumping action of your heart is not strong enough to move blood around, especially during increased activity or under stress. In addition, the heart muscle may not relax properly to accommodate the flow of blood back from the lungs to the heart. These abnormalities in heart function can cause fluid to back up in your lungs and in other parts of your body such as your ankles. The congestion in your lungs and lack of oxygen may make you feel tired and short of breath. Sometimes the fluid in your lungs can accumulate to the point where it can cause a life-threatening condition called acute pulmonary edema, requiring emergency treatment.

The term diabetic heart disease (DHD) refers to heart disease that develops in people who have diabetes. Diabetes is a disease in which the body's blood glucose (sugar) level is too high. Normally, the body breaks down food into glucose and carries it to cells throughout the body. The cells use a hormone called insulin to turn the glucose into energy. There is a clear-cut relationship between diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Coronary heart disease is recognized to be the cause of death for 80% of people with diabetes; however, the NHS states that heart attacks are largely preventable. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality for people with diabetes. Hypertension, abnormal blood lipids and obesity, all risk factors in their own right for cardiovascular disease, occur more frequently in people with diabetes. Several advances in treating heart disease over the past two decades have improved the chances of surviving a heart attack or stroke. However, as the incidence of diabetes steadily increases, so does the number of new cases of heart disease and cardiovascular complications.

Cardiology is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the heart be it human or animal. The field includes medical diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart defects, coronary artery disease, heart failure, valvular heart disease and electrophysiology. Physicians who specialize in this field of medicine are called cardiologists, a specialty of internal medicine. Pediatric cardiologists are pediatricians who specialize in cardiology. Physicians who specialize in cardiac surgery are called cardiothoracic surgeons or cardiac surgeons, a specialty of general surgery. Clinical Cardiology is an American journal about Cardiology founded in 1978. It provides a forum for the coordination of clinical research in diagnostics, cardiovascular medicine and cardiovascular surgery.

Cardiac regeneration is a rapidly evolving and controversial field of research. The identification some 12 years ago of progenitor cells that reside within the heart spurred enthusiasm for cell-based regenerative therapies. However, recent evidence has called into question both the presence of a biologically important stem cell population in the heart and the ability of exogenously derived cells to promote regeneration through direct formation of new cardiomyocytes. Here, we discuss recent developments that suggest an emerging consensus on the ability of different cell types to regenerate the adult mammalian heart.

Critical cardiac care is a process in which if a patient is having heart attack, he or she should be given first aid treatment till the doctor comes. There are also units available in the hospitals to take care of the emergency situation. A coronary care unit (CCU) or cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) is a hospital ward specialized in the care of patients with heart attacks, unstable angina, cardiac dysrhythmia and various other cardiac conditions that require continuous monitoring and treatment.

Cardiac arrhythmia, also known as cardiac dysrhythmia or irregular heartbeat, is a group of conditions in which the heartbeat is irregular, too fast, or too slow. A heart rate that is too fast – above 100 beats per minute in adults – is called tachycardia and a heart rate that is too slow – below 60 beats per minute – is called bradycardia. Women with diabetes have higher CVD mortality rates than men with diabetes. Women who engage in physical activity for less than an hour per week have 1.48 times the risk of developing coronary heart disease, compared to women who do more than three hours of physical activity per week. Go Red for Women is a major international awareness campaign dedicated to the prevention, diagnosis and control of heart disease and stroke in women.

Cardiovascular surgery is surgery on the heart or great vessels performed by cardiac surgeons. Frequently, it is done to treat complications of ischemic heart disease (for example, coronary artery bypass grafting), correct congenital heart disease, or treat valvular heart disease from various causes including endocarditis, rheumatic heart disease and atherosclerosis. It also includes heart transplantation. The development of cardiac surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass techniques has reduced the mortality rates of these surgeries to relatively low ranks. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is the most common type of heart surgery. CABG improves blood flow to the heart. Surgeons use CABG to treat people who have severe coronary heart disease (CHD).

Cancer and cardiovascular disease are the leading causes of mortality in many parts of the world. There are several reasons for both diseases occurring in the same patient. Coronary artery disease (CAD) and Cancer share risk factors such as age, use of tobacco and obesity. Other reasons may be the consequences of radio- and chemo-therapy in long-term survivors of malignancy. These treatments have a direct impact on the heart, which require, in some cases, surgical correction. Malignancy can also occur during long-term follow-up after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). The increase in diagnostic facilities makes the detection of heart disease and treatable cancer also more likely.

Atherosclerosis is a common form of heart disease, in which plaques of cholesterol and other substances (similar to small tumors) form in the artery walls and eventually restrict blood flow. This constricted circulation leads to less oxygen for the heart muscle, resulting in chest pain (angina), usually following exercise or excitement. It also stresses the heart muscle to the point of failure, which is what happens during a heart attack. The initial connection between arteriosclerosis and cholesterol was made by the Russian pathologist Nikolay Anichkov. Atherosclerosis is not caused by old age. This is shown experimentally that people who were very poor in cholesterol and other lipids, was associated with low level of blood cholesterol as well as incidence of the cardiovascular disease.

People with a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher are considered obese. The term obesity is used to describe the health condition of anyone significantly above his or her ideal healthy weight. Obesity increases the risk for heart disease and stroke. But it harms more than just the heart and blood vessel system. It's also a major cause of gallstones, osteoarthritis and respiratory problems. Obesity is intimately intertwined with multiple health conditions that underlie cardiovascular disease including high blood pressure, diabetes, and abnormal blood cholesterol. In addition, weight gain is a frequent consequence of heart-damaging lifestyle choices such as lack of exercise and a fat-laden diet. Obesity also can lead to heart failure. This is a serious condition in which your heart can't pump enough blood to meet your body's needs.

Cardiology conferences includes the Cardiac Drugs which are used in any way to treat conditions of the heart or the circulatory or vascular system. Many classes of cardiovascular agents are available to treat the various cardiovascular conditions. They are a complicated group of drugs with many being used for multiple heart conditions. Prescription drugs and medicines for diseases relating to the structure and function of the heart and blood vessels. In this sub topic we have Sodium, potassium, calcium channel blockers, ACE-inhibitors and Cardiac biomarkers. There are 6 associations and societies and the main association for Cardiac Therapeutic Agents in USA. 50 universities are working on Cardiac Therapeutic Agents. There are 120 Companies in USA that are making Cardiac Therapeutic Agents in Cardiology. Around 6 new drugs were introduced in 2015 and 2 drugs were introduced in 2016. There are many types of cardiovascular drugs in the market that include Corlanor (ivabradine), Kanuma (sebelipase alfa), Byvalson (nebivolol and valsartan), Yosprala (aspirin and omeprazole).

Cardiac monitoring  is done by using Cardiac assist devices refers to the steady monitoring of the heart functioning by using electrocardiography, with analysis of the patient’s condition relative to their heart rhythm. Angioplasty is an surgical Procedure where unblocking of blood vessel is performed.  Bypass is a surgical method, where it redirects blood from cramped or blocked parts of arteries to progress blood flow and oxygen supply to the heart. Pacemaker, it auto stimulates, or generates small electrical impulses which regulates the heart's rhythm. Interventional cardiology, deals with the catheter dependent treatment of structural heart disorder. This session contains Stress test Evaluation, Cardiac and vascular Monitoring, Health Assessments, Electrocardiogram monitoring, Bypass, Angioplasty or pacemaker surgery, Imaging, Biophysics and Systems Biology, Cardiac electrophysiology, Interventional Cardiac Nurses.

Advances in medicine means that if CHD is detected at an early stage it can be treated successfully to extend the survival rate. Successful treatment is more likely if the disease is detected at its earliest stages. Our current research focuses on the early detection of CHD in order to halt or reverse the progress of the disease. The ongoing research includes pioneering the use of heart scanning in the early diagnosis of heart disease in diabetics, Development of Nuclear Cardiology techniques for the detection of heart disease, Drug development and evaluation of treatments used in heart disease, Identification of novel biological markers to predict the presence of heart disease, Analysis of ethnic and socio-economic differences in heart disease risk.